Swing States and Other Dances

Take a look at the purple states on the map below -

Photobucket
Map by Johnnygunn

What do you see?

I see an explanation of the results of the past four presidential elections.

In both 1992 and 1996, Bill Clinton won 11 out of 12.
He didn't carry Florida in 1992, Colorado in 1996.

In 2000, Al Gore won only one of them - New Mexico.
In 2004, John Kerry won only one of them - New Hampshire.

These 12 states occupy the middle quintile of many different rank orders of the percentage of Democratic votes.  What is a rank order?  It's where you rank each state from most Democratic to least Democratic.  The District of Columbia ranks first, usually followed by Massachusetts and Rhode Island.  Utah ranks last, preceded by Wyoming and Idaho.

Rank orders are valuable in that you can track patterns across decades of elections even if there were landslides one way or the other.  In 1984, only Minnesota and DC voted Democratic.  Still, one can rank the level of Democratic support and see the electoral pattern of the 1990s unfolding.

Now, I admire Howard Dean for his Fifty State Strategy; however, if Massachusetts is close on election night we had better all pack our bags for Canada.  Likewise, if Wyoming is close we can head down to the local bar after supper to celebrate.  The keys in 2008, as they have been for the past two decades, are those 12 swing states.

Two state that went Dem three times are included in the twelve swing states - NH and NM.  All eight states that went Dem twice are included - OH, WV, KY, TN, MO, AR, LA, and NV.  Two states that went Dem once are included - FL and CO.

A note on methodology.  I weighted the past four elections on a scale of 1 to 4 - with 1 going to 1992 results and 4 to 2004 results.  The middle quintile should have only 11 states; however, I also included Kentucky.  Even though Kentucky was below the middle quintile, it went Democratic twice.  All other double-Dem states occupy the middle quintile.

Two states below the middle quintile have been trending increasingly Democratic - Virginia and Arizona.  Virginia may be possible in 2008.  We'll have to wait on Arizona until 2012.  Two Democratic states are increasingly iffy - Iowa and Wisconsin.  Kerry lost Iowa.  Wisconsin has been a nailbiter.  These states shouldn't be overlooked since they are essential to a Democratic victory in the electoral college.

What the 2008 election will come down to is whether or not the Democrats can win a sufficient number of these key states in order to win the electoral vote.  If the Dems hold their core twenty states, then they really only need Florida or Ohio; yet, a message that appeals to all twelve is most likely to produce the winning results we all want.

PS -

What are the top ten?
DC, MA, RI, NY, VT, MD, HI, CT, IL, & CA
(That's why I discount polls that show McCain leading in Connecticut.)

And the bottom ten?
UT, ID, NE, WY, AK, ND, OK, KS, AL, & TX



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Re: Swing States and Other Dances (2.00 / 2)

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by johnnygunn on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 08:59:52 PM EST

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (2.00 / 1)

Thanks for the analysis and the visuals. Contrary to what some folks may think, it is not going to be a cake walk in the GE. That is why it is important for this primary to be played out fully so that no one feels that they lost because of gamesmanship.

If the candidate who loses supporters feel cheated it will be a long, uncertain GE campaign.


"The Bumble Bee flies because it thinks it can."
by LadyEagle on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 09:20:28 PM EST

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

Good visuals, but I'd point out that the swing states of old are not the swing states of new. Virginia is definitely in play this year, for instance. We elected Senator Webb and Governor Kaine; and we could easily go back blue for the first time in thirty years, especially if Obama is the candidate. He is very popular here.

New Hampshire is in play; Nevada is with Obama, Arkansas is with Clinton, as you've noted. Nebraska could yield a few electoral votes from it's new split-electoral vote system. We'll have to see if we can buck a generation's worth of tradition this year; if there's a year to do it, it's this year


Serious question- Is This Snark?
by ragekage on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 09:31:49 PM EST

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

We certainly stand a better chance of winning Virginia than we do at winning Kentucky or Louisiana, despite Bill Clinton losing VA twice and winning KY and LA twice.  The movement in Virginia has been towards us, the movement in the latter two decidedly away from us.


by Skaje on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 09:55:04 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

That's why I weighted the rank order with the 2004 election ranking given four times the weight of the 1992 election.  And that's also why Virginia is nearly in the middle quintile now - not quite - but close.


by johnnygunn on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 10:51:06 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

It would be exciting for me to see if we can truly break the cycle of old and into the new.

One path of a possible Obama GE win is without either PA, OH, or FL. He would have to win Virginia for this to be, and he'd be bang on at 270. Clinton can get to 270+ a few, which of course is all it takes, but has a more traditional route there. Still, she has the potential to bring new states into the fray, too.


Serious question- Is This Snark?
by ragekage on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 11:20:41 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

Agreed -

LA, KY, TN, and WV are very unlikely to be in the Dem column.
They have been trending strongly away from the Dems in rank orders from 1980 to present.

Virginia and a few of the Intermountain West states have been moving way up in the Dem list.


by johnnygunn on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 11:41:45 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

Close elections are very rare. Two in a row was extraordinary. So I can't see another close election, especially not in a change year, with a black man or a woman at the top of the Democratic ticket, and a failed war and a failing economy as the Repub record. The emotions and the issues are heavyweight and potentially explosive and so the campaign will likely end in a landslide. In which case all of the purple swing states on your map will go to the winner, along with some of the red or blue ones.

As I said, close elections are rare:

Electoral votes
'96   379/159
'92   370/168
'88   426/111
'84   525/13
'80   489/49
'76   297/240   Carter/Ford was close
'72   520/17
'68   301/191
'64   586/52
'60   303/219   Kennedy/Nixon was close
'56   457/73
'52   442/89
'48   303/189/12  
Truman/Dewey/Thurmond-Dixiecrat was much closer than the EVs make it appear


by Woody on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 10:08:56 PM EST

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (2.00 / 1)

They've been rare in the 20th century.

From 1876 to 1900 every presidential election was close - many with razor-thin margins.  
That was seven elections with the country almost evenly polarized.

We may be entering another similar period.


by johnnygunn on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 11:38:39 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Back to the Future? (2.00 / 1)

This could be the most profoundly depressing prognostication of the year!

But to think that your 19th Century period began with the stolen Hayes-Tilden election in 1876, and now you forecast a similar 21st Century period beginning with the stolen Bush-Gore election of 2000 ... may God have mercy upon our country.


by Woody on Wed Apr 09, 2008 at 02:20:54 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Corrections on the map (none / 0)

MT should be a swing state, Bill won it 2x.
Iowa is swing as Bush won it 1x
Georgia is swing Bill won it 1x

Otherwise interesting, though some states that are blue are swing this year (MI, PA, for Obama)
(WA, OR, WI, IA for Clinton)


Student Guy=JoeMentum. No really Student Guy=JoeMentum, after all JoeMentum was an embarrassment so is Student Guy. This sig is FAIL!!
by Student Guy on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 10:13:38 PM EST

Re: Corrections on the map (none / 0)

MT and GA are not near the middle quintile.
IA is borderline as I said.
by johnnygunn on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 10:48:52 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (2.00 / 1)

Let me hasten to add that your analysis is excellent and your map work too. Note that the swing states are clustered, and they tend to swing in clusters of neighboring or similar states, too.

One region is the target of the Southwest Strategy. The caucus in Nevada, and the convention in Colorado were both important moves to tip these swing states.

Obviously the largest cluster is moderate Southern and border states, FL, LA, AR, MO, TN, WVa, and if you can add KY, I'll add VA and NC.

Another overlapping cluster is in the Midwest, with OH, MO, and maybe WVa, perhaps adding in IA and WI as you suggest. And the Repubs always claim to see a chance to take MI and PA. This  heartland was always an area where Repubs were competitive. G.H.W. Bush took Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, and Missouri when beating Dukakis. Ford took Michigan and Illinois while losing to Carter. In '60, Nixon carried Ohio, Wisconsin, and Iowa.

So we can expect several states to break one way or another together.

Hidden within these regions are the bellwether states. No Repub has ever won the Presidency without carrying Ohio, and Missouri has always voted for the winner (with one peculiar exception.)

So I'll be focusing on the two most determinative swing state. If it looks like we will carry Ohio and Missouri, I expect us to win in a landslide. Otherwise, we will lose in a landslide.


by Woody on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 10:32:42 PM EST

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (2.00 / 1)

"Now, I admire Howard Dean for his Fifty State Strategy; however, if Massachusetts is close on election night we had better all pack our bags for Canada."

...that's a good one and TRUE.


by environmentally blue on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 10:35:32 PM EST

Washington (none / 0)

Washington is very close. Their last governor race was decided by like 100 votes. Did you analyze margins of victory when you did this or just looked at who won in the last 4 cycles? Might be an interesting thing to look at margins to see if there is some pattern of movement one way or the other.


Proudly joining the legions of people and states that don't matter on May 20th.
by Obama Independent on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 10:59:03 PM EST

Re: Washington (none / 0)

First off -
It is a ranking of state votes in presidential elections - 1992 to 2004.
Second -
Yes, I do consider the margin of victory - that's why there are ranks.  A 20% margin will get that state into the top ten.  A .1% margin will put that state in the swing category.

Washington's numbers were - from 1992 thru 2004
11.4%, 12.5%, 5.6%, and 7.2%.
Corresponding ranks -
12, 18, 13, and 13.

So rank order statistics show that Washington is staying the same with respect to other states - in the low teens.  Its margin may have gone down between the Clinton races and Gore & Kerry, but its relative position hasn't changed.


by johnnygunn on Tue Apr 08, 2008 at 11:32:13 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Washington (2.00 / 1)

Interesting, excellent work.


Proudly joining the legions of people and states that don't matter on May 20th.
by Obama Independent on Wed Apr 09, 2008 at 12:14:56 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

You know what is damned odd looking at this map?

Indiana.

It's surrounding by blue and purple and yet it remains stubbornly red. I can't explain it and I am from the there. Well, yes, I suppose I can. Indiana is much like Ohio only with a lot less urban centers and AA population. I.e. it's like southern Ohio only more so.

Still...I'd be interested in data on which way it is  trending. I harbor no illusions on it going blue any time soon, and I know most every where is trending blue these days. Part of that is just the cyclical nature of power, but perhaps part of that , if true, may be due to a longer term trend?


by tessellated on Wed Apr 09, 2008 at 02:00:14 AM EST

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (none / 0)

Indiana?

1992 thru 2004
42, 41, 38 & 40.

So it's sitting right about 40 - just above the bottom ten.

I, too, have wondered about Indiana.
You know, the Rethugs have targeted the "Six Pack" - OR, WA, MN. WI, IA, and WV.
These were six of the ten states that Dukakis carried.
The scary part is that it includes Minnesota - once one of the most liberal states in the union.
Now, Minnesota is only barely Dem.

We need to do the same thing with Indiana.
Keep hitting away at issues, spending money, weaning Indiana from the Rethugs.

I think Indiana is ripe for a change.


by johnnygunn on Wed Apr 09, 2008 at 02:21:25 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Swing States and Other Dances (2.00 / 1)

I think it's worth considering. I'm following field reports of Obama volunteers on http://www.blueindiana.net with great interest. If I were to hazard a wild guess, and let's be honest that's the only kind I have to offer, I think IN is a long-term project but doable. It has been neglected for a very long time.


by tessellated on Wed Apr 09, 2008 at 02:40:41 AM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Indiana (none / 0)

An interesting case. Gary is ghetto, and a terrible one at that. It looks worse than anything in NYC, anything. But Indianapolis is a sort of big city that somehow falls short of being a real Big City. It feels more like an overgrown small city (as does Cincinnati, to this jaded observer), and lacks that metropolitan atmosphere and liberalism.

Anyway, there was a strong tilt to the Democrats in '06, when we captured three House seats, and ran an unexpectedly strong challenge in the Ft Wayne district as well.

If Obama can figure out how to get through to the Appalachian voters in PA, WVa, and down into Dixie, he will probably be able to appeal to the rural and small town voters of Indiana as well. If not, we'll lost it again.

P.S. Have they changed the hours of voting? When the polls closed at 6 p.m. I thought that had to hold down working class and poor Democratic votes all by itself.


by Woody on Wed Apr 09, 2008 at 02:44:30 PM EST
[ Parent ]

Re: Indiana (none / 0)

My thoughts exactly regarding Indiana's "urban" centers, especially Indy.

Regarding the closing time of polls: I don't know off the top of my head. I'm an ex-resident of Indiana these days. A good place to start might be that site I linked to above or the state's web site.


by tessellated on Wed Apr 09, 2008 at 03:55:37 PM EST
[ Parent ]


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